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The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between the central nervous...
Increased neuroinflammation in brain regions regulating sympathetic nerves is associated with hypertension. Emerging evidence from both human and animal studies suggests a link between hypertension and gut mic...
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare, chronic immune-mediated polyneuropathy characterized by asymmetric distal limb weakness. An important feature of MMN is the presence of IgM antibodies against gangl...
The pathogenesis of memory impairment, a common complication of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), has not been fully elucidated. Schwann cell (SC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to remote organ ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the development of visual system disorders. Visual deficits can present with delay and worsen over time, and may be associated with an ongoing neuroinflammatory ...
The unfavorable prognosis of many neurological conditions could be attributed to limited tissue regeneration in central nervous system (CNS) and overwhelming inflammation, while liver X receptor (LXR) may regu...
Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptotic cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Dynam...
Microglia are sexually dimorphic, yet, this critical aspect is often overlooked in neuroscientific studies. Decades of research have revealed the dynamic nature of microglial-neuronal interactions, but seldom ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, resulting in the extravasation of blood proteins into the brain. The impact of blood proteins, especially fibrinogen, on inf...
The neuroinflammatory process in synucleinopathies of the aging population such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) involves microglial activation as well as infiltration of the CNS...
Glial cells are key players in the initiation of innate immunity in neurodegeneration. Upon damage, they switch their basal activation state and acquire new functions in a context and time-dependent manner. Si...
Soluble CD27 is a promising cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarker in multiple sclerosis. In this study, we investigate relevant immune and neuro-pathological features of soluble CD27 in multiple sclerosis.
The original article was published in Journal of Neuroinflammation 2024 21:50
Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) describes the cognitive, memory, and affective emotional burdens faced by many lupus patients. While NPSLE’s pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, clinical imaging studies ...
Mechanical softening of the glial scar region regulates axonal regeneration to impede neurological recovery in central nervous system (CNS) injury. Microglia, a crucial cellular component of the glial scar, fa...
Microglial isolation and culturing methods continue to be explored to maximize cellular yield, purity, responsiveness to stimulation and similarity to in vivo microglia. This study aims to evaluate five differ...
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Ischemia leads to progressive neuronal death and synapse loss. The engulfment of stressed synapses by microglia further contributes to the disruption o...
Homer1a and A2 astrocytes are involved in the regulation of inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, there is no anticipated treatment strategy based on the anti-inflammatory effect of ...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is recognized as the predominant cause of dementia, and neuroimmune processes play a pivotal role in its pathological progression. The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ...
It is well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and chronic alterations in systemic immune function and that systemic immune changes contribute to posttraumatic neuroinflammation and neur...
Cranial irradiation causes cognitive deficits that are in part mediated by microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Microglia are highly reactive, exhibiting changes in shape and morphology depending...
Senescent astrocytes play crucial roles in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Metformin, a drug widely used for treating diabetes, exerts longevity effects and neuro...
Neuroinflammation is one of the core pathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Innate immune cells play a crucial role in the progression of PD. Microglia, the major innate immune cells in the brain, ...
Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy for treating systemic inflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a potential activator of the IR, offeri...
Accumulation of tau leads to neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. As the disease progresses, there is a decline in brain energy metabolism. However, the role...
Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine which predominantly expresses in adipocytes with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. We have recently indicated that circulatory trimeric APN can enter the brain by...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV in neurons lead to extensive neuronal damage and inflammati...
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), accounts for up to 90% of AMD-associated vision loss, ultimately resulting in the formation of fibrotic scar in the macular region. The pathogenesis of subr...
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains photoreceptor viability and function, completes the visual cycle, and forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB). Loss of RPE function gives rise to several mon...
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), a post-infectious, immune-mediated, acute demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots, represents the most prevalent and severe acute paralyzing neuropathy. Pu...
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and immune cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) are pathogenic drivers of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ways to reinstate BBB function and subsequently limit ne...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) matrix biomarkers have become increasingly valuable surrogate markers of neuropsychiatric diseases in research and clinical practice. In contrast, CSF cells have been rarely investiga...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays critical role in the pathology of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury via producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and inducing oxidative modification of proteins. High-mobility gr...
Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptom...
Retinal degeneration results from disruptions in retinal homeostasis due to injury, disease, or aging and triggers peripheral leukocyte infiltration. Effective immune responses rely on coordinated actions of r...
Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchy...
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). Immune activation is abundant in the striatum of HD patients. D...
Myeloid cells including microglia and macrophages play crucial roles in retinal homeostasis by clearing cellular debris and regulating inflammation. These cells are activated in several blinding ischemic retin...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell ...
Next-generation humanised mouse models and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) approaches enable in-depth studies into human immune cell biology. Here we used NSG-SGM3 mice engrafted with human umbilical cor...
Presence of autoantibodies against α-synuclein (α-syn AAb) in serum of the general population has been widely reported. That such peripheral factors may be involved in central nervous system pathophysiology wa...
There is an intrinsic relationship between psychiatric disorders and neuroinflammation, including bipolar disorder. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, has been implicated in the mouse model with manic-like b...
The spinal inflammatory signal often spreads to distant segments, accompanied by widespread pain symptom under neuropathological conditions. Multiple cytokines are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ...
We previously identified solute carrier family 7 member 2 (SLC7A2) as one of the top upregulated genes when normal Huntingtin was deleted. SLC7A2 has a high affinity for l-arginine. Arginine is implicated in infl...
Neuroinflammation is highly influenced by microglia, particularly through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of IL-1β. Extracellular ATP is a strong activator of NLRP3 by inducing K+ effl...
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of intractable pain. The pathogenesis of NP remains a complicated issue for pain management practitioners. SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2...
Inherited, age-related, and acute retinal diseases are often exacerbated by an aberrant or excessive activity of the complement system. Consequently, cells not directly affected by an acute event or genetic va...
Neuroinflammation substantially contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Studies have reported that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) attenua...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of α-Synuclein (αSYN) building up intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy pathology. Mounting evidence ...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common and costly progressive neurodegenerative disease of unclear etiology. A disease-modifying approach that can directly stop or slow its progression remains a major unmet need...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation