Figure 6

Influence of MSC treatment on cytokine concentrations. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (at 12, 24 and 72 h), IL-6 (at 24 and 72 h), IL-17 (at 24 and 72 h), TNF-α (at 24 and 72 h) and IFN-γ (at 72 h) were significantly decreased in the MSC-treatment group compared with the PBS group (A–E). Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 (at 24 and 72 h after TBI) (F, G) were increased in the MSC-treatment group compared with the PBS group. The chemokines MCP-1, MIP-2 and RANTES were reduced at 12, 24 and 72 h after TBI in the MSC group compared with the PBS group (H–J). There were no significant differences in levels of the cytokines IL-1α and IL-4 (K, L) between the two groups. n = 6 in each time point of per group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.