Figure 8

Suggested mechanism of CX ₃ CL1 action. Activation of microglial CX₃CR1 by exogenous application of CX₃CL1 induces the release of adenosine (1) that in turn activates adenosine receptor type A2 (A_2AR) located on microglia cells and, possibly, on astrocytes stimulating the release of d-serine (2). The binding of the cofactor d-serine to the synaptically activated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (3) potentiates the receptor function. Note that α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are blocked and, for clarity, only factors demonstrated to play a role in the described mechanism are represented.