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Figure 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 7

From: Early activation of nSMase2/ceramide pathway in astrocytes is involved in ischemia-associated neuronal damage via inflammation in rat hippocampi

Figure 7

Effect of the neutral sphingomyelinase 2/ceramide pathway on inflammation after cerebral ischemia. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) after different treatments. (A) Sham group with daunorubicin (DNR) stimuli of different durations (1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). Injection with GW4869 (B) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (C) into the lateral ventricle prior to 30-min reperfusion postischemia. Data are presented as the means ± SEM of at least four separate experiments (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. sham control. #P < 0.05 vs. ischemia solvent control.

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