Figure 3

Distribution of MHC-I immunoreactivity (IR) in FCD, TSC and GG. (A)-(B) Control cortex (A) and white matter (wm; B): MHC-I IR in blood vessels (arrows). (C) FCD I: MHC-I IR in blood vessels (arrows). (D) FCD IIa: MHC-I IR in blood vessels (arrows), dysmorphic neurons (DN; asterisks) and microglial cells (arrowheads). Insert in (D) shows a neuron (asterisk) positive for MHC-I and both MHC-I and MHC-II IR in blood vessels (arrows). (E)–(G) FCD IIb: strong MHC-I IR in cortex, (E) and (F) and wm, (G) with expression in DN (arrowheads in (E) and asterisk in (F)). MHC-I IR was also detected in blood vessels (arrows in (E)) and in microglial cells (insert (a) in (E), arrowheads in (F) and (G)). The balloon cells are negative (asterisks in (G)). Insert (b) in (E): absence of co-localization of MHC-I with GFAP in astrocytes. Insert (c) in (E) and the insert in (G): co-localization of MHC-I with MHC-II in microglial cells (the arrow in (c) indicates a microglial cell). (H), (I) TSC: strong MHC-I IR in both cortex (H) and wm (I) with expression in DN (arrowheads in (H)), blood vessels (arrows in (H) and (I)) and microglia (arrowhead in (I)). Giant cells are negative (asterisks). MHC-I IR is occasionally detected in giant cells (insert in (I)). Insert (a) in (H): co-localization with NeuN. Insert (b) in (H): co-localization with pS6. Insert (c) in (H): co-localization with MAP-2. (J) GG: MHC-I IR in dysplastic neurons (arrowheads; high magnification in insert (a)) and blood vessels (arrow). Insert (b) in (J): co-localization with NeuN. Insert (c) in (J): co-localization with MHC-II in microglial cells. Insert (d) in (J): absence of co-localization with GFAP. Scale bars: (A)–(C) and (E): 150 μm; (D), (G)–(I): 40 μm; (F): 25 μm; (J): 80 μm.