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Figure 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 5

From: Erythropoietin improves motor and cognitive deficit, axonal pathology, and neuroinflammation in a combined model of diffuse traumatic brain injury and hypoxia, in association with upregulation of the erythropoietin receptor

Figure 5

Erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates axonal pathology in the pyramidal tracts of the brainstem. (A) Axonal bulbs in the pyramidal tracts of the brainstem in traumatic axonal injury (TAI) rats with/without EPO treatment at 1, 7 or 14 d. No statistical difference was observed at any time point amongst the treatment groups, however there was a spontaneous decrease in the number of axonal bulbs at 7 d in TAI rats only. (B) Number of swollen axons in the pyramidal tracts of TAI and TAI + EPO rats at 1, 7 and 14 d. EPO treatment failed to reduce axonal swelling, however there was an overall decrease in the number of swollen axons in TAI rats at 7 d. TAI + Hx rats had a strikingly more axonal bulbs (C) and swollen axons (D) in the pyramidal tracts of the brainstem, with both substantially (though not significantly) reduced at 1 d by treatment with EPO. Data shown as mean ± SEM, n = 6 per group per time point.(*P <0.05, 2-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test).

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094