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Figure 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 3

From: Activation of microglial cells triggers a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inducing their proliferation in an adenosine A2A receptor-dependent manner: A2A receptor blockade prevents BDNF release and proliferation of microglia

Figure 3

Endogenous extracellular adenosine, through activation of A 2A R, mediates the LPS-induced enhancement of BDNF secretion from microglial N9 cells. Cells were incubated with LPS (100 ng/mL for 6 hours) in the absence or in the presence of the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM) or in the absence or presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA, 1 U/mL), which converts adenosine into its inactive metabolite, inosine. The incubation medium was collected to quantify the extracellular free mature BDNF by ELISA. (A) Comparison between absolute values of BDNF (pg/mL) in the absence and in the presence of LPS. (B) LPS increased the extracellular levels of BDNF, an effect prevented by A2AR antagonism and by adenosine removal from the medium with ADA (percentage of effect; 100% represents BDNF levels in cells that were not exposed to LPS). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of n (as indicated in each bar) independent experiments (** P < 0.01, compared with non-treated cells; ·· P < 0.01, compared with LPS-treated cells, using the Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test). We verified (not shown) that none of the vehicles of the tested drugs (water or dimethyl sulfoxide) modified BDNF levels. A2AR, A2A receptor; ADA, adenosine deaminase; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SEM, standard error of the mean.

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