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Figure 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 1

From: Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) expression in human microglia: differential regulation by inflammatory mediators

Figure 1

IGF1 is expressed in human brain. IGF1 immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded post-mortem human brain sections from HIV+ and HIV− individuals. IGF1 staining was found in microglial nodules and multinucleated giant cells as well as perivascular inflammatory cells (perivascular lymphocytes and macrophages) in HIV encephalitis brains (A-C). Examples of diffuse parenchymal microglial cell staining are shown in HIV encephalitis, HIV+ and HIV− brains (D-F). Additional IGF1+ cell types included occasional endothelial cells (E: v = vessels) and astrocytes (in E). IGF1 staining was also noted in the meninges (G) in vascular smooth muscle cells (v = vessels), as well as in ependymal cells (H) in some brains (note strong microglial staining in the subependymal area in H). Controls included incubation of sections with the peptide pre-absorbed antibody, which abrogated IGF1 immunoreactivity (I).

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