Table 1 Neurotensin actions relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathogenesis
Effect | Result |
|---|---|
Activation and proliferation of microglia | Brain inflammation |
Activation of mast cells | Blood–brain-barrier disruption and inflammation |
Disruption of gut-blood barrier | Leaky gut and inflammation |
Mast cell stimulation, especially in the subgroup of ASD patients with allergic symptoms | Augmentation of allergic symptoms |
Extracellular secretion of mitochondrial components that act as innate pathogens | Inflammation |
Stimulation of glutamate receptors | Neuronal damage |
Direct neurotoxicity | Neuronal damage |