Figure 3

Effects of ET receptor antagonists on ET-induced changes in CCL2, CXCL1 and CX3CL1 mRNA levels. Serum-starved astrocytes were treated with 10 nM ET-1 for one (CCL2 and CXCL1) or six (CX3CL1) hours. BQ788 (1 μM) or FR139317 (1 μM) was added to the medium 30 minutes before treatment with ET-1. The expression of CCL2, CXCL1 and CX3CL1 mRNA was normalized to G3PDH and expressed as the % of no treatment cultures. Data are the mean ± SEM of five to nine experiments. *P <0.05, **P <0.01 versus no ET-1, ^# P <0.05, ^## P <0.01 versus ET-1 with no antagonist by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s PLSD test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; ET, endothelin; G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NS, not significant; PLSD, protected least significant difference; SEM, standard error of the mean.