Figure 4

Immunofluorescent micrographs of cerebral inflammation (GFAP) and oxidative stress (COX-2). Cerebral astrocytic activation and oxidative stress were analyzed by the detection of parenchymal GFAP and COX-2 expression after nine months of dietary intervention with low-fat control chow (LF), a diet enriched in saturated fat (SFA) or LF/SFA diet supplemented with nutraceutical garlic extract-aged (+GEA), alpha-lipoic acid (+ALA), niacin (+Niacin), or nicotinamide (+NA). (A) The representative staining of GFAP in the hippocampus and COX-2 in the cortex are shown in yellow and cyan, respectively. Nuclei are shown in blue. The scale bar indicates 100 μm. (B) The magnified images of the regions of interest are indicated by a white rectangle in frame A. Vascular endothelial cells are shown with white arrowheads. The scale bar indicates 12 μm.