Figure 3

NA inhibits CCL2 production by astrocytes in the presence of LPS. (A) Astrocytes were incubated with control media, LPS 0.1 and 1 μg/ml alone or in combination with NA 10 μM for 24 hours. CCL2 levels in the media were assessed by ELISA. ***P <0.001 versus control; ^Φ P <0.05 versus LPS 1 μg/ml; ^ΦΦ P <0.01 versus LPS 0.1 μg/ml. Data are means ± SE of n = 12 replicates per group. (B) Astrocytes were incubated with control media (white columns), LPS 0.1 μg/ml (black columns) or LPS and NA 10 μM (gray columns) for 1, 2, 6 or 24 hours. RNA was isolated and CCL2 mRNA levels determined by RT-PCR. Data are expressed as percentage of control values (set to 100%). ***P <0.001 versus control; ^ΦΦΦ P <0.001 versus LPS. Data are means ± SE of n = 8 replicates per group. C, control; CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NA, noradrenaline; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SE, standard error.