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Table 1 Expression of gene transcripts in mice overexpressing CCL2 compared with control mice

From: Diverse activation of microglia by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 overexpression in brain

Accession_ID

Gene symbol

Description

Fold change CCL2/Control

P-value

Function

M1 genes

NM_010766

Marco

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure

0.6 ↓

P < 0.004

Scavenger receptor expressed in a subset of macrophages [39]

NM_001002898

Sirpβ

Signal-regulatory protein β

17.13↑

P < 0.002

Cytoskeleton rearrangement, counterregulates proinflammatory mediators, phagocytosis [40]

NM_013650

S100A8

S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (calgranulin A)

3.1↑

P < 0.03

Calcium-binding protein involved in innate immune response [41]

NM_009114

S100A9

S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B)

ND

 

Forms heterodimeric protein complex with S100A8 [43, 44]

NM_011593

Timp1

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1

ND

 

Inhibitory role against most matrix metalloproteinases, promotes cell proliferation [45, 46]

NM_010927

iNOS

Nitric oxide synthase, inducible

ND

 

Immune defense against pathogens, induces inflammation and oxidative stress [47]

NM_001111274

IGF-1

Insulin-like growth factor 1

ND

 

Mammalian growth and development [48]

M2 genes

NM_007482

Arg1

Arginase 1, liver

2.4↑

P < 0.006

Arginine and proline metabolism [49]

NM_007695

Chi3l3

Chitanase 3-like 3

2.7↑

P < 0.003

Expressed in myeloid precursor cells, involved in inflammation (alternative activated macrophages) [27]

NM_020509

Retnla

Resistin-like α

ND

 

Alternatively activated macrophages and tissue repair [50]

Chemotactic (M2) genes

NM_019577

CCL24

C-C motif chemokine 24

1.7↑

P < 0.04

Chemotaxis [51]

NM_001013412

CCL26

C-C motif chemokine 26

ND

 

Induces migration of eosinophils macrophages and basophils [52]

NM_007894

EAR1

Eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 1

ND

 

RNase activity, chemotactic for eosinophils, alveolar macrophages [53]

NM_007895

EAR2

Eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 2

3.8↑

P < 0.02

RNase activity, chemotactic for eosinophils, alveolar macrophages [53]

NM_053113

EAR11

Eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 11

ND

 

RNase activity, chemotactic for eosinophils, alveolar macrophages [53]

  1. qRT-PCR was performed in anterior cortex brain homogenate from animals injected with rAAV9-GFP (n = 6) and rAAV9-CCL2 (n = 6). RNA (10 ng/μl) of each sample was used for cDNA synthesis. The mass values for the genes of interest were normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA to determine fold change in mRNA expression relative to the standard RNA pool. The fold-change values for samples in rAAV9-GFP-treated vs rAAV9-CCL2-treated animals were analyzed and presented as M1- and M2-related gene transcript expression. A cycle threshold change (ΔCt) greater than 36 cycles was considered nondetected (ND). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (n = 6). P values were specified for each gene. ↑ and ↓ represent significant increases or decreases from control mice at P < 0.05. ND, not detected. (Please contact the authors for details regarding genes).