Figure 8

Differential actions of astrocyte-derived and endothelial cell-derived CCL2 at CNS venules. Based on observations with Astro KO and Endo KO mice during EAE, the schematic depicts endothelial-derived CCL2 facilitating migration across the endothelium (1), a step post-adhesion. Astrocyte-derived CCL2 is shown promoting both breakdown of endothelial tight junctions (2), and penetration of leukocytes across the parenchymal BM into the CNS parenchyma (3).