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Table 3 Cytokine levels in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and PHA plus DHPG-stimulated cell cultures

From: Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated dynamic immune dysfunction in children with fragile X syndrome

 

TD

FXS

Cytokine

PHA

PHA + DHPG

P-value

PHA

PHA + DHPG

P-value

GM-CSF

8.4 (2.3 to 76.9)

9.6 (4.6 to 45.1)

0.36

11.0 (4.2 to 32.7)

8.2 (5.2 to 25.8)

0.81

IFNγ

9.3 (5.3 to 122.1)

9.9 (5.1 to 113.0)

0.72

8.6 (3.0 to 113.2)

5.6 (1.3 to 221.9)

0.89

IL-10

40.3 (17.7 to 144.3)

34.2 (25.5 to 117.5)

1.00

44.0 (16.5 to 115.0)

26.9 (15.3 to 74.6)

< 0.01b

IL-13

6.2 (3.4 to 135.9)

7.4 (3.1 to 82.4)

0.09

6.1 (0.2 to 22.1)

2.6 (0.2 to 18.8)

< 0.01b

IL-17

15.4 (6.5 to 70.1)

15.4 (6.9 to 40.2)

0.73

18.0 (2.7 to 43.6)

12.1 (5.1 to 34.3)

0.18

  1. Values reported as median (interquartile range) in pg/mL. All P-values were calculated by Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test. b P < 0.01. DHPG, (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine; FXS, fragile X syndrome; TD, typically developing.