Figure 4

Increased ex vivo expression of CD80 in B cells of MS patients. MS patients with active disease (n = 6) expressed significantly higher levels of CD19⁺CD80⁺ than MS patients with non-active disease (n = 10), and both groups were higher in CD19⁺CD80⁺ expression than HCs (n = 15). (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post test).