Figure 1

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) content following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Total (A) and individual (B) LPA levels (means ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) in the CSF of patients with non-penetrating TBI at different time points (control, n = 3; <24 h, n = 18; >120 hours, n = 11). (F(2,29) = 6.453, P = 0.005 (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)); Tukey multiple comparisons tests: <24 h versus >120 h (Total), **P = 0.007; <24 h versus >120 h (18:0), **P = 0.008; <24 h versus >120 h (20:4), **P = 0.04. Total (C) and individual (D) LPA levels (means ± SEM) in the CSF of mice post control cortical impact (CCI) at different time points (sham, n = 4; 3 h, n = 6; 14 h, n = 6). (F(2,13) = 6.674, P = 0.01) by one-way ANOVA; Tukey multiple comparisons test: 3 h versus sham (Total), *P = 0.02 and 3 h versus 14 h (Total), *P = 0.03; 3 h versus sham (18:0), *P = 0.01 and 3 h versus 14 h (18:0), *P = 0.03; 3 h versus sham (18:2), *P = 0.03 and 3 h versus 14 h (18:2), *P = 0.01.