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Figure 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 2

From: Activation of brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to epilepsy-associated depressive-like behavior in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

Figure 2

Chronic temporal lobe epilepsy-induced depressive behaviors, upregulated IL-1β, IL-6 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression, and altered tryptophan metabolites. (A) The duration of immobility during the forced swim test was increased in chronic epileptic rats at 6 weeks after status epilepticus (SE) compared with the controls. (B) Saccharin consumption, calculated as a percentage of the total fluid intake over 24 hours, was diminished at 6 weeks after SE. (C) IL-1β mRNA levels were gradually increased in chronic epileptic rats at 3 and 6 weeks after SE. (D) IL-6 mRNA levels were increased in chronic epileptic rats at 6 weeks after SE. (E) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) mRNA levels were also upregulated in chronic epileptic rats at 3 and 6 weeks after SE. (F) IDO1 mRNA levels were primarily upregulated in the hippocampus compared with the thalamus, midbrain and prefrontal cortex, and compared with the controls. (G) The kynurenine (KYN)/tryptophan (TRY) ratio was elevated and (H) the serotonin (5-HT)/TRY ratio was reduced in chronic epileptic rats at 3 and 6 weeks after SE. All the data at 0 weeks are baseline values (naive rats). Statistical significance was determined using independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 5 to 6; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

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