Figure 6

TUDCA reduces VCAM-1 expression in the hippocampus of LPS treated mice. The effect of TUDCA on vascular endothelium activation was determined by the immunoreactive area for VCAM-1 at 1 day (a–c) and 3 days (d–f) after icv injection with LPS related to total area in mice hippocampus. Section treatments are as follows: (a) untreated animals control for 1 day treatment, (b) animals sacrificed 1 day after icv injection of LPS, (c) animals sacrificed 1 day after icv injection of LPS and treated with ip injections of TUDCA, (d) untreated animals sacrificed after 3 days, (e) animals sacrificed 3 days after icv injection of LPS, and (f) animals sacrificed 3 days after icv injection of LPS and treated with ip injections of TUDCA.*P <0.05, ***P <0.001. Scale bar represents 100 μm. The results represent the mean ± SD of at least five sections of six animals per group.