Figure 4

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) inhibits expression of pro-inflammatory immune determinants of cerebral malaria (CM) severity. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic factors TNFα (A), IL-6 (B), IL-1α (C), angiostatic factor CXCL10 (D), anti-inflammatory factors IL-5 (E) and IL-13 (F), and growth factor granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF (G)were measured before and after treatment. Serum samples were collected on day 5 and day 11 post infection (three to four mice per group). Results shown are mean ± SD. Statistical significance between means was determined with Student’s t-test; a P-value <0.05 was considered significant. ^*Statistically significant change compared with control day (D)5; ^§Statistically significant change compared with control D11. White bars indicate serum levels pre-treatment (day 5); gray bars indicate post-treatment levels (day 11). Note the different scales used in each graph.