Figure 7
The effect of PMA on TNF-α release by microglia. Microglial cultures were incubated with 1 μM fibrillar (f) Aβ1–40, with 10 pg/ml of the NADPH oxidase activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or with PMA plus either the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 μM) or the hydrogen peroxide converter catalase (60 IU/ml) for 24 hours. TNF-α concentrations were measured in the cell incubation media. Data are expressed as mean of 4 experiments ± standard error; statistical analysis used: Student's t-test, p < 0.05; * – significant difference compared to the control; # – significant difference compared to samples treated with PMA only.