Figure 2

Brain cytokines and STAT3 activation. A, IL-6, B, TNFα, C, IL-1β, D, IFNγ, and E, IL-10, were measured in homogenates (100 μg) of the ventricular infusion zone (V) or the distant occipital cortex (O), 2, 4 or 8 h after LPS (10 μg/1 μL; icv) or 4 h after saline (icv) injection. Control mice were not subjected to surgery. Means ± SEM.; n = 4–5 mice/group, *p < 0.05 4 hr treatments compared to mice injected with saline. Activation of STAT3 was measured by immunoblotting phospho-Tyr705-STAT3 and total STAT3, F, in cerebral cortex 4 h after ip injection of LPS or, G, in the ventricular infusion zone (V) or occipital cortex (O) 2, 4 or 8 h after icv infusion of LPS or 4 h after saline and compared to mice subjected to anesthesia only. STAT3 immunoblotted from cultured astrocytes is shown as a positive control.