Figure 4

Luteolin inhibits pro-inflammtory and stress-related pathways. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of transcripts in BV-2 microglia stimulated with 50 μM luteolin, 50 ng/ml LPS, or 50 μM luteolin + 50 ng/ml LPS. Relative mRNA levels were quantified for (A) Complement component 3 (C3), (B) Complement factor B (Cfb), (C) Serine leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (Spli), (D) Guanylate binding protein 2 (Gnbp2), (E) Guanylate binding protein 3 (Gnbp3), (F) micro RNA 147 (miR-147), (G) Haptoglobin (Hp), (H) Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), and (I) Cystatin F (Cst7). Expression was normalized to the control gene Gusb and mRNA levels (+/- SEM) are graphed relative to mock-treated control cells. Results are calculated from three independent experiments performed in triplicate measurements. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 for luteolin vs. control and luteolin + LPS vs. LPS, respectively.