Figure 3
EMF exposure induces TNF-α and iNOS expression and NO release from N9 cells. Experiments were performed as described above. (A) RT-PCR analysis showing that EMF exposure significantly induces the mRNA expression of TNF-α and iNOS. (B) Mean ± S.D. of mRNA levels from five pooled samples per time point. (C) The concentration of TNF-α in the medium was determined by ELISA after cells were treated at the indicated time points. (D) The amount of nitrite was determined by the Griess reaction. Results are presented as the mean ± S.D. of five independent experiments. Statistical comparisons to control are indicated by * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Statistical comparisons between EMF treatment group and P6 preconditioning are indicated by # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001.