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Figure 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 2

From: Transforming growth factor-β1 induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cell migration in astrocytes: roles of ROS-dependent ERK- and JNK-NF-κB pathways

Figure 2

TGF-β1 induces MMP-9 expression and cell migration via a TGF-β1 receptor signaling. (A) Cells were pretreated with or without SB431542 for 1 h before exposure to TGF-β1 for 16 h. The conditioned media were collected and analyzed by gelatin zymography. (B) Cells were pretreated with SB431542 (10 μM) before exposure to TGF-β1 for 6 h. Total RNA was collected and analyzed by RT-PCR. (C) For cell migration, cells were pretreated with SB431542 (10 μM) for 1 h and then incubated with TGF-β1 (15 ng/ml) for 48 h. Representative phase contrast images are shown for 48 h (n = 3). Data are expressed as mean of at least three independent experiments (n = 3). #P < 0.01, as compared with the cells exposed to TGF-β1 alone. The figure represents one of three individual experiments.

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