Figure 3

GTS reduces LPS-induced neuroinflammation and IDO mRNA levels. Hippocampi were collected 24 h post-LPS challenge and subjected to RNA extraction and Q-RT-PCR. mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IDO in hippocampus are presented in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D (n = 6 mice each group). The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. For statistical significance, a: p < 0.01 compared with the vehicle/saline group, b: p < 0.05 compared with the vehicle/LPS group. c: p < 0.01 or p < 0.05 compared with the LPS/GTS group.