Greenberg et al. 1993 [10]
|
1
|
72
|
F
|
dementia headache
|
left
|
frontal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
NA
|
NA
|
Ortiz et al. 1996 [11]
|
1
|
68
|
F
|
headache
|
right
|
temporal/parietal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
NA
|
Fountain et al. 1996 [12]
|
2
|
66
|
M
|
fluent aphasia right hemianopia
|
bilateral
|
temporal/parietal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis perivasculitis
|
steroid cyclophosphamide
|
alive relapse (+)
|
| |
69
|
F
|
headache confusion focal neurology seizure
|
bilateral
|
confluent multifocal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
steroid cyclophosphamide
|
died relapse (+)
|
Anders et al. 1997 [13]
|
2
|
70
|
M
|
mental status change
|
right
|
frontal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
NA
|
NA
|
| |
69
|
M
|
headache lethargy behavior change
|
bilateral
|
white matter
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
NA
|
NA
|
Fountain et al. 1999 [14]
|
1
|
71
|
M
|
headache confusion gait difficulty left hand apraxia
|
right
|
temporal/parietal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
cyclophosphamide
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Scully et al. 2000 [15]
|
1
|
63
|
M
|
behavior change ataxia
|
bilateral
|
white matter
|
NA
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
cyclophosphamide
|
alive
|
Oide et al. 2002 [16]
|
1
|
69
|
M
|
dizziness dementia seizure
|
bilateral
|
symmetrical periventricular
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
(-)
|
NA
|
Schwab et al. 2003 [8]
|
2
|
74
|
M
|
seizure dementia headache
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
NA
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
| |
70
|
F
|
dementia headache
|
right
|
temporal
|
NA
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Tamargo et al. 2003 [17]
|
1
|
80
|
F
|
dementia left-side hemineglect word finding difficulty
|
bilateral
|
left frontal right parietal
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Oh et al. 2004 [1]
|
2
|
80
|
F
|
Headache aphasia
|
bilateral
|
right parietal/occipital left frontal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
| |
77
|
M
|
aphasia
|
left
|
temporal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Safriel et al. 2004 [18]
|
1
|
49
|
M
|
seizure
|
right
|
occipital/temporal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Hashizume et al. 2004 [19]
|
1
|
65
|
M
|
headache left hemianopsia left-side hemineglect
|
right
|
temporal/occipital
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid cyclophosphamide
|
died
|
Harkness et al. 2004 [20]
|
1
|
72
|
F
|
dementia
|
bilateral
|
frontal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
no specific therapy
|
alive
|
Jacobs et al. 2004 [21]
|
1
|
81
|
F
|
confusion Balint's syndrome agraphia right-left confusion finger anomia left-side neglect
|
bilateral
|
parietal/occipital
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Scolding et al. 2005 [3
|
6
|
69.3*
|
M 3 F 3
|
encephalopathy 6 focal neurology 2 seizure 1 headache 2
|
NA
|
mutifocal 1 frontal 1 diffuse white matter 1 right occipital 1 left frontal 1 bilateral confluent 1
|
NA
|
(+) 1 (-) 5
|
vasculitis
|
steroid 3 steroid cyclophosphamide 2 tumor resection steroid 1
|
alive 4 (relapse NA) died 2
|
Mikolaenko et al. 2006 [22]
|
1
|
50
|
M
|
seizure
|
right
|
frontal
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
surgery
|
alive
|
Wong et al. 2006 [23]
|
1
|
79
|
F
|
higher brain dysfunction fatigue
|
right
|
frontal/temporal/parietal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Kinnecom et al. 2007 [4]
|
1
|
62.3*
|
M 9 F 3
|
encephalopathy 9 headache 5 seizure 7 aphasia 1 presyncope 1
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA (the presence of microbleeds are mentioned but the proportion is not mentioned)
|
NA
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid 9 steroid cyclophosphamide 3
|
alive 11 (relapse (+) 3) died 1
|
Greenberg et al. 2007 [24]
|
1
|
63
|
M
|
headache behavioral change cognitive change
|
bilateral
|
multiple
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
cyclophosphamide
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Marotti et al. 2007 [25]
|
1
|
57
|
F
|
headache seizure
|
bilateral
|
frontal/temporal/insular right thalamus
|
(+)
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
seizure control
|
died
|
McHugh et al. 2007 [26]
|
1
|
80
|
F
|
confusion incontinent urine global aphasia seizure right hemianopia right hemiparesis
|
bilateral
|
frontal
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
vasculitis perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Takada et al. 2007 [27]
|
1
|
69
|
F
|
headache cognitive decline
|
bilateral
|
right frontal/parietal bilateral parietal/occipital
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
died
|
Machida et al. 2008 [28]
|
1
|
69
|
F
|
cognitive decline
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
(-)
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Salvarani et al. 2008 [29]
|
8
|
63*
|
M6 F2
|
encephalopathy 6 focal neurology 2 headache 3 only aphasia with alexia 1
|
bilateral 8
|
multifocal
|
NA
|
(+) 5 (-) 3
|
vasculitis
|
steroid 3 steroid cyclophosphamide 5
|
improved 6 died 1 worsened 1
|
Amick et al. 2008 [30]
|
1
|
79
|
F
|
transient right sided weakness
|
left
|
occipital/parietal
|
NA
|
(-)
|
vasculitis
|
(-)
|
died
|
Alcalay et al. 2009 [31]
|
1
|
92
|
F
|
mental status change
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
(+)
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Daniëls et al. 2009 [32]
|
1
|
80
|
F
|
mental status change right sided hemiparesis dysphasia seizure
|
bilateral
|
left hemisphere right parietal/occipital
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
(-)
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|
Greenberg et al. 2010 [9]
|
1
|
87
|
F
|
seizure cognitive impairment
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
(+)
|
NA
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
died
|
Kloppenborg et al. 2010 [7]
|
1
|
74
|
M
|
increased sleepiness loss of initiative seizure
|
bilateral
|
frontal
|
(+)
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Morishige et al. 2010 [33]
|
1
|
78
|
F
|
motor aphasia dementia
|
left
|
frontal
|
NA
|
(+)
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Savoiardo et al. 2010 [34]
|
1
|
76
|
M
|
fatigue confusion
|
bilateral
|
temporal/occcipital/frontal
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
(-)
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Cano et al. 2010 [35]
|
1
|
76
|
M
|
transient motor aphasia transient headache
|
bilateral
|
temporal
|
(+)
|
NA
|
(-)
|
(-)
|
alive
|
DiFrancesco et al. 2011 [36]
|
1
|
68
|
M
|
memory loss mood disorder
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
NA
|
steroid
|
alive
|
Chung et al. 2011 [37]
|
3
|
83
|
F
|
seizure
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
died
|
| |
forties
|
F
|
headache mild hemiparesis sensory loss
|
right
|
parietal/occipital
|
(+)
|
NA
|
vasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive haemorrhage (+)
|
| |
72
|
M
|
seizure left-side neglect left hemianopia
|
bilateral
|
multifocal
|
NA
|
NA
|
vasculitis perivasculitis
|
steroid cyclophosphamide
|
died
|
our case
|
1
|
56
|
M
|
Seizure sensory disturbance higher brain dysfunction
|
right
|
parietal
|
(-)
|
(+)
|
perivasculitis
|
steroid
|
alive relapse (+)
|