Figure 2
From: Gliovascular and cytokine interactions modulate brain endothelial barrier in vitro
Effect of human cytokines on human astrocytes in contact-independent mouse brain endothelial co-culture barrier. Astrocytes were treated with human cytokines (TNF-α (20 ng/ml), IL-1β (20 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (1000 U/ml)) in a contact independent bEnd-3/HFA co-culture system. Resistance was recorded daily. hIFN-γ treated co-cultures from 5 d- 7 d showed decreased barrier compared to other treatment and control conditions. Inset shows the mode of co-culture system and cytokine addition. Bars indicate standard error. Repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test. *p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, **p < 0.01 very significant, and ***p < 0.001 highly significant.