Figure 7

Endogenous TNF-α and IL-6 are not involved in METH-induced microglial cell death. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells induced by 1 mM METH (24 h) was not changed by (A) TNF-α antibody or (B) IL-6R antibody, and the JAK-STAT pathway inhibitor (20 μ AG 490) exacerbated the toxic effect of METH. The results are expressed as mean percentage of total cells ± SEM (n = 17 to 84). ^*** P <0.001, Dunnett’s post-test, significantly different when compared with control. ⁺⁺ P <0.01, Bonferroni’s post-test, when compared with 1 mM METH. IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-6R: interleukin 6 receptor; JAK-STAT: janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription; METH: methamphetamine; SEM: standard error of the mean; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1.