Figure 1

Prodynorphin gene deficiency potentiates behavioral impairment induced by MPTP or MA. Dyn^+/+, prodynorphin gene wild-type mice; Dyn^−/−, prodynorphin gene knockout mice. Dyn^+/+ and Dyn^−/− received MPTP (15 or 20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 7 consecutive days or four MA injections (5 or 7 mg/kg, i.p.) at 2-h intervals. Behavioral changes were evaluated based on locomotor activity (A and B) and rota-rod tests (C and D). Each value is mean ± S.E.M of 12 mice. *P <0.01, **P < 0.001 vs. respective saline group, #P <0.01, ##P <0.001 vs. MPTP- or MA-treated Dyn^+/+ (two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD test or pairwise comparison with paired t-test).