Figure 5

Prodynorphin gene deficiency promotes microglial differentiation into M1 type after MPTP or MA administration. Dyn^+/+ and Dyn^−/− received MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p./day × 7) or MA (7 mg/kg, i.p./2 h × 4) as described in Figure 1. Changes in mRNA levels associated with M2 (A to D) and M1 (E to J) phenotype markers induced by MPTP (A, C, E, G, I) or MA (B, D, F, H, J) in the striatum were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. Each value is mean ± S.E.M of eight mice. *P <0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. respective saline group, #P <0.05, ##P <0.01, ###P <0.001 vs. MPTP- or MA-treated Dyn^+/+ (two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD test or pairwise comparison with paired t-test).