Figure 1

Expression of miR-32 increases with Tat C treatment in a dose-dependent manner. (a) CHME3 cells were treated with an increasing dose of HIV-1 Tat C protein. After 24 hours, cells were harvested for RNA isolation and protein lysate preparation. miR-32 assays were performed by quantitative PCR with TaqMan probes and primers specific for human miR-32. Data was normalized to the expression level of the small RNA, RNU24, and results are shown as fold change compared with untreated control. Changes in miR-32 expression level were significant (P ≤ 0.05). (b), Western blot analysis for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3(TRAF3) of the same samples treated with increasing concentrations of Tat C, showing a gradual reduction in TRAF3 protein expression. (c) Western blot image intensity was normalized to β-tubulin. All experiments were performed three times and are presented as mean ± SE. Changes in the level of expression of TRAF3 in response to increasing dose of Tat C were significant (**P ≤ 0.005, *P ≤ 0.05) compared with the untreated group.