From: Acute injury in the peripheral nervous system triggers an alternative macrophage response
Immune mediators | ||
---|---|---|
MCP-1 (CCL2) | Monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1 (CC-chemokine 2) | Chemokine, emigration of monocytes from bone marrow; monocyte recruitment [27] |
COX2 | Cyclo-oxygenase 2 | Production of prostaglandins; vasodilatation, inflammation, platelet disaggregation [28], neuropathic pain [29] |
IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta | Pro-inflammatory cytokine; many biological functions: up-regulation of adhesion molecules, influx of neutrophils, induction of additional inflammatory mediators, important in sterile inflammation [30] |
IL-6 | Interleukin 6 | Pleiotropic cytokine; wide range of biological activities in immune regulation, hematopoiesis, and inflammation [31] |
MIP-1α (CCL3) | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (CC-chemokine 3) | Chemokine, recruitment of monocytes to the inflamed tissue [4] |
Negative regulators | ||
A20 | - | Negative regulator of TLR-signaling. Blocks TLR-mediated signaling by blocking NFκB signaling [32] |
IκBα | Inhibitor kappa B alpha | Inhibits NFκB signaling by masking the nuclear localization signal, keeping NFκB in its inactive state [33] |
IL-1RA | IL-1 receptor antagonist | Antagonist of IL-1; binds to IL-1R1 thereby blocking signaling [30] |
MyD88s | Myeloid differentiation 88 small | Antagonist of the adaptor protein MyD88 [26] |
SIGIRR | Single immunoglobulin IL-1R-related molecule | Inhibits IL-1 signaling, orphan receptor of IL-1 family with antagonistic properties [34] |
SOCS1 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 | Suppression of cytokine signaling by inhibiting JAK tyrosine kinase [35] |