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Figure 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 2

From: Extensive innate immune gene activation accompanies brain aging, increasing vulnerability to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: a microarray study

Figure 2

Immune-related genes undergo gender and region-specific patterns of response in aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In both females and males, the extent of immune-gene response is greater in aging (A, D) than in AD (B, E), with gender-specific patterns of response across brain regions. In aging, females show the greatest number of genes responding in the hippocampus (HC) (A), while the most responsive region in males was the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (D). In both genders, the entorhinal cortex (EC) showed the fewest numbers of responding genes over the course of aging, the post-central gyrus (PCG) underwent an intermediate response, and the direction of gene change was predominantly upregulated in all brain regions. In AD (B, E), males and females both showed a limited number of significant gene responses, with a greater number of significant gene changes observed in females (B) relative to males (E), particularly in the EC and HC. For genes undergoing progressive change across aging and AD (C, F), few such genes were apparent in females (C), with a relatively large number genes following this pattern in the SFG in males, with the majority of these genes undergoing progressively increased expression across age and AD

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