Figure 3

qPCR was used to assess expression profiles of several genes for which gene expression was below microarray detection sensitivity. qPCR analysis of hippocampal gene expression for the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1beta, NF-alpha, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 revealed significant upregulation of IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-10 with age, and further upregulation of IL-10 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (A). Similarly, modulators of cytokine signaling were upregulated in the hippocampus (HC) with age including a six-fold increase in the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-3) and a two-fold increase in IRAK3, a serine/threonine kinase that mediates signaling from toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor family members (B). In contrast, no significant change in components of the inflammasome (NRLP3 and ASC) was detected in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) with aging or AD (C). **** P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.005, *P < 0.05.