Relationship between plasma high mobility group box-1 protein levels and clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Table 4 The factors associated with in-hospital mortality

	Non-survivors	Survivors	Pvalue
	(n = 32)	(n = 271)
Sex (male/female)	12/20	119/152	0.489
Age (years)	45.4 ± 12.9	43.7 ± 12.3	0.469
WFNS score on admission	3.9 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 1.1	<0.001
Modified Fisher score on admission	4.3 ± 0.6	2.6 ± 0.8	<0.001
Aneurysmal location			0.599
Posterior communication artery	5 (15.6%)	78 (28.8%)
Internal carotid artery	6 (18.8%)	37 (13.7%)
Anterior communication artery	8 (25.0%)	58 (21.4%)
Middle cerebral artery	4 (12.5%)	41 (15.1%)
Anterior cerebral artery	4 (12.5%)	31 (11.4%)
Posterior cerebral artery	3 (9.4%)	20 (7.4%)
Vertebral artery	2 (6.3%)	6 (2.2%)
Surgery	17 (53.1%)	169 (62.4%)	0.310
Aneurysmal size (mm)	11.9 ± 5.1	6.7 ± 4.5	<0.001
Rebleeding	6 (18.8%)	10 (3.7%)	<0.001
Acute hydrocephalus	19 (59.4%)	71 (26.2%)	<0.001
Intracerebral hemorrhage	15 (46.9%)	24 (8.9%)	<0.001
Intraventricular hemorrhage	31 (96.9%)	41 (15.1%)	<0.001
External ventricular drain	30 (93.8%)	79 (29.2%)	<0.001
Angiographic vasospasm	30 (93.8%)	101 (37.3%)	<0.001
Computed tomography ischemia	16 (50.0%)	34 (12.6%)	<0.001
Admission time (hours)	5.4 ± 4.2	4.6 ± 3.6	0.276
Seizure	7 (21.9%)	37 (13.7%)	0.212
Plasma C-reactive protein level (mg/L)	9.0 ± 3.2	6.9 ± 2.6	<0.001
plasma D-dimer level (mg/L)	2.4 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 1.0	0.045
Plasma HMGB1 level (ng/mL)	13.1 ± 3.1	8.0 ± 3.2	<0.001

Numerical variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are expressed as counts (percentage). Numerical variables were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-test or unpaired Student t test. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test. HMGB1, high mobility group box-1; n, number of patients; WFNS, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons.

ISSN: 1742-2094