Figure 2
LLLT-mediated neuroprotective effects dependent on Src/Syk-induced TLRs signal inhibition. (A) Effects of Syk on microglial-induced cytotoxicity after LLLT (20 J/cm2) treatment. (n = 4; *P <0.05 and **P <0.05 versus corresponding control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). (B) Representative western blot analysis of LPS-activated BV-2 cells (pretreated with or without 10 μM PP1) received different doses of LLLT treatments to detect phospho-Tyr416-Src. (C) Quantitative analysis of the levels of phosphor-Tyr416-Src in treated cells. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 4; *P <0.05 versus control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). (D-F) Representative western blot and quantitative analysis of total Syk, phospho-Tyr519/520-Syk, total MyD88, and total iNOS in treated cells. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 4; *P <0.05 and **P <0.05 versus corresponding control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). (G) Relative NF-κB and iNOS luciferase activities in primary microglia after LLLT treatment. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6; *P <0.05 and **P <0.05 versus corresponding control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). (H)Representative western blot analysis of p65 in cytoplasmic (Cytosol) and nuclear fractions from lysates of BV-2 cells after LLLT treatment. (I) Quantitative analysis of p65 protein levels in treated cells. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 4; *P <0.05 and **P <0.05 versus corresponding control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). (J) TNF-α secretion by microglia under different treatments. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6; *P <0.05 and **P <0.05 versus corresponding control cells, #P <0.05 versus indicated cells). iNos, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LLLT, low-level laser therapy; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TLR, toll-like receptor.