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Table 1 Important inflammatory mediators in TBI

From: New perspectives on central and peripheral immune responses to acute traumatic brain injury

Chemokines/ cytokines

Functions

Reference

CCL2

Macrophage infiltration

Striling et. al. , 2004 [42]

CCL20

Inflammatory activator and immune cell attraction

Helmy et. al. , 2010 [43]; Comerford et al., 2010 [44]; Das et. al. , 2011 [45]

CCL21

Neuromodulatory

Biber et. al. , 2002 [46]; de Jong et. al. , 2005 [47]

IL-1

Neuronal injury

Rothwell, 1999 [48]

IL-6

BBB dysfunction, neuroprotection

Kossmannet.al, 1995 [49]; Penkowa et.al., 2003 [50]

IL10

Neuroprotective

Kremlev and Palmer, 2005 [51]

TNF-α

BBB breakdown,

Kim et. al. , 1992 [52]

Cerebral inflammation,

Ramilo et. al. , 1990 [53]

IL-8

Neutrophil infiltration

Whalen et. al. , 2000 [54]