Figure 3From: GM-CSF increases LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators via upregulation of TLR4 and CD14 in murine microgliaGranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances lipopolyssacharide (LPS) binding to microglia. Microglia were treated with GM-CSF at 20 ng/ml for 48 h and then treated with Alexa 488-conjugated LPS for 1 h. Cells were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Data indicate mean ± SD of three independent experiments.Back to article page