Figure 4

Microglial GLP-1 secretion is decreased in response to inflammatory stimuli. A. TNFα secretion is increased in response to 2-h and 24-h LPS treatment. TNFα secretion was measured as pg/ml and presented as percent of control. B. Expression of proglucagon is transiently increased in response to a 2-h treatment with LPS, with a clear trend toward reduced levels after 24 h. Proglucagon mRNA expression was normalized to mRNA expression of GAPDH, which was used as an internal control. C. Secretion of GLP-1 from BV-2 cells is inhibited by a 2-h treatment with 1 μg/ml LPS. GLP-1 secretion was measured as pM and presented as percent of control. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 3-4, in triplicates. * P < 0.05 for a chance difference vs. untreated controls. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney rank sum test (A,B) and Student’s t-test (C).