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Figure 6 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 6

From: α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated neuroprotection against dopaminergic neuron loss in an MPTP mouse model via inhibition of astrocyte activation

Figure 6

The effects of nicotine on enhanced production from astrocytes of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP + ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (A) MPP+ and (B) LPS increased the production of TNF-α in astrocytes. Various concentrations of nicotine suppressed the otherwise enhanced release of TNF-α induced by (C) 200 μmol/l MPP+ or (D)100 ng/ml LPS in astrocytes. The α7-nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) abolished the inhibitory effects of nicotine on the release of TNF-α induced by (E) MPP+ and (F) LPS. Data are presented as a percentage of controls (mean ± SEM) of four independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the control group; # P < 0.05 and ## P < 0.01 versus the MPP+ treatment alone group

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