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Figure 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 5

From: Early intervention with a small molecule inhibitor for tumor nefosis factor-α prevents cognitive deficits in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Figure 5

Tumor necrosis factor-α gene and protein expression in the 3 × Tg mouse. (A) Fold-change (2^(− δ δCt)) is the normalized gene expression (2^(−δ Ct)) in the test sample (3 × Tg treated with Thal or 3,6′-DT) divided by the normalized gene expression (2^(−δ Ct)) in the control sample (vehicle-treated 3 × Tg). Fold-change values of less than one indicate a negative- or downregulation. Both Thal and 3,6′-DT downregulated TNFα gene expression but the value was significant only in the 3,6′-DT group (P = 0.033). (B) TNFα protein levels are doubled in the cortex of 3 × Tg mice compared with Non-Tg mice. 3,6′-DT, but not Thal, reduced TNFα protein levels near to Non-Tg levels in 3 × Tg mice. n = 5 to 8 per group. One-way analysis of variance (P = 0.062, *P < 0.05). Thal: thalidomide; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α; 3,6′-DT: 3,6’-dithiothalidomide.

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