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Figure 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 3

From: Micronized/ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide displays superior oral efficacy compared to nonmicronized palmitoylethanolamide in a rat model of inflammatory pain

Figure 3

Anti-inflammatory effects of orally administered palmitoylethanolamide formulations following intraplantar injection of carrageenan into the rat hind paw: histological and biochemical analyses. Histological evaluation was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. (a) Control. (b) Intraplantar injection of carrageenan (CAR) into the rat hind paw. (c) through (e) Intraplantar injection of carrageenan CAR with nonmicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PeaPure) (c); micronized PEA-m (d) and ultramicronized PEA-um (e). Insets a1 through e1 are higher-resolution images of the respective panels. All PEA formulations (10 mg/kg for each) were administered orally 30 minutes before CAR injection, and all animals were killed 6 hours after CAR injection. (f) Histological scores for the various treatment groups. (g) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in paw tissues from the various treatment groups. Micronized PEA-m and ultramicronized PEA-um produced significant improvements in both measurements. See Methods for further details. Values are means ± SEM. **P < 0.01 vs sham and *P < 0.05 vs CAR.

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