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Figure 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 2

From: Lithium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 expression by activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway

Figure 2

Lithium inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. Primary microglial cells were pretreated with LiCl at 0.3, 1 and 3 mM for 30 minutes and then stimulated with LPS at 10 ng/ml for 24 hours. (a) and (b) For flow cytometric analysis, the cells were incubated with PE-conjugated ED8 antibody at 37°C for 1 hour. **P <0.01 versus the response to medium alone. # P <0.05, ## P <0.01 versus LPS treatment groups. The data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments. (c) The cells were stained with ED8 antibody and upregulated ED8-immunopositive expression (green) on the activated microglia was observed using confocal scanning. The blue staining represents DAPI. Scale bar 50 μm.

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