Figure 3

Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and glomerular barrier permeability to Evans blue dye. Ex vivo fluorescent (F) and near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) images of brains and kidneys from rats injected with Evans blue dye 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment according to the outline in Figure 1. The measurement was performed in perfused brains 24 hours after Evans blue dye injection. C1, Saline-challenged rats; L1, LPS-challenged rats; C3, Saline/tranexamic acid (TXA); L3, LPS/TXA; Neg control, Rat without Evans blue dye; BF, Bright field. (A) Brain NIRF images. (B) Kidney NIRF images. The high fluorescence intensity observed in LPS-treated rats (L1 and L3) compared to saline-treated rats (C1 and C3) indicates leakage of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (A) or the glomerular filtration barrier (B). No differences were observed between saline-treated (C1) and TXA-treated (C3) animals, indicating no effect of TXA on extravasation of Evans blue dye.