Figure 2

Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in primary microglial cultures. The relative mRNA expression (normalised to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPDH) of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα (A) and IL-1β (B) was examined in microglial cultures incubated for 48 hours in medium conditioned or not with MSCs and with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) during the last 24 hours. Data shown are mean values with SEM from six independent experiments, analysed by two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc test. ^## P < 0.01 and ***/^### P < 0.001. Symbols denote significant differences between LPS-activated and non-activated groups (*) and between control and conditioned medium-treated groups (^#).