Figure 3

Metformin alleviated neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression in mice. (A) Relative fold changes of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in metformin and control mice at 1 (left) and 3 days (right) following tMCAO (n =3 per group). (B) Protein level of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α expression in metformin and control mice at 3 days following tMCAO (n =3 per group). (C) Bar graph shows MPO activity in metformin and control mice (n =3 per group). (D) MPO⁺ cells (arrows) and their quantification in sham group, control and metformin-treated mice at 1 and 3 days following tMCAO. Scale bar =100 μm. (E) Western blot of MPO expression in metformin and control mice. Bar graph shows a quantification of MPO. Data are mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, metformin versus control group.