Figure 5

Metformin promoted phosphorylation of AMPK and reduced ICAM-1 expression in transient middle cerebralartery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. (A) p-AMPK and AMPK expression in sham, saline- and metformin-treated groups at 1 day after tMCAO. Bar graph showed a quantification of p-AMPK/AMPK ratio (n =3/group). (B) ICAM-1 expression and quantification at 1 and 3 days after tMCAO in metformin and control mice (n =3 per group). (C) Fold change of ICAM-1 expression in mRNA level in metformin and control mice at 1 day and 3 days after tMCAO (n =3 per group). (D) ICAM-1 expression in control and metformin-treated mice at 1 and 3 days after tMCAO. Arrows indicated representative ICAM-1 expression. Scale bar =100 μm. (E) p-NF-κB and NF-κB expression in saline- and metformin-treated groups at 1 day and 3 days after tMCAO. Bar graph show a quantification of p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio (n =3 per group). Data are mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, metformin versus control, sham versus control group, **P < 0.01, metformin versus control group.