Figure 10
From: Neuromelanin activates proinflammatory microglia through a caspase-8-dependent mechanism
Production of ROS induced by neuromelanin. The fluorogenic probe CellROX® becomes fluorescent upon oxidation by ROS. (A) Control. (B) Control + IETD-fmk. (C) Neuromelanin 1 μg. (D) Neuromelanin 1 μg + IETD-fmk. (E) Lipopolysaccharide 1 μg. (F) Lipopolysaccharide 1 μg + IETD-fmk. (G) Quantification of ROS production. Results are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments, and are expressed as a percentage of control values. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA followed by the least significant difference post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. α = 0.05 was used. *, compared with control value, P < 0.01; a, compared with the same treatment without the inhibitor IETD-fmk, P < 0.01. Scale bar, 50 μm. Cont., control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NM, neuromelanin; ROS, reactive oxygen species.