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Figure 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 1

From: Transiently lowering tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis ameliorates neuronal cell loss and cognitive impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice

Figure 1

mTBI induces a time-dependent rise in brain TNF-α levels. Right (ipsilateral to mTBI) cerebral cortex protein extracts were prepared from sham or mTBI mice at the indicated time points post injury. (A) Time-dependent brain levels of TNF-α at baseline (sham) and post injury. At 12 h post mTBI, TNF-α levels peaked (132.8 vs. 53.4 (sham) pg/ml, p < 0.0001). By 18 h post injury, TNF-α levels returned to baseline (50.5 pg/ml). (B) Treatment with 3,6′-dithiothalidomide (3,6-DT) at 1 h after mTBI prevented the TNF-α elevation evident at 12 h post mTBI (3,6′-DT + mTBI 67.1 pg/ml vs. mTBI 132.8 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). In both (A) and (B), **** was significantly different from all other groups (p < 0.0001).

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